{"id":18211,"date":"2023-12-18T11:04:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-18T16:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilsr.org\/articles\/three-nyc-composting-failures-that-reflect-troubling-national-trends\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T09:32:49","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T13:32:49","slug":"nyc-failures-reflect-national-trends","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/ilsr.org\/es\/article\/composting-for-community\/nyc-failures-reflect-national-trends","title":{"rendered":"Tres fracasos en el compostaje de Nueva York que reflejan tendencias preocupantes a nivel nacional"},"template":"","class_list":["post-18211","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article_type-article","initiatives-composting-for-community","topics-big-waste","topics-community-composting","topics-regulations","impact_areas-climate-and-environmental-justice","impact_areas-racial-equity","impact_areas-resilient-cities-and-metros","authors-clarissa-libertelli","authors-jordan-ashby"],"acf":{"details":{"featured_image":679,"background_color":"tan","article_type":[134],"initiative":15,"display_event_fields":false,"start_date":null,"end_date":null,"start_time":null,"end_time":null,"time_zone":"America\/New_York","virtual_event":false,"location":"","topics":[41,42,113],"impact_areas":[16,21,22],"abstract":"

New York City\u2019s recent rollout of mandatory curbside organics exemplifies national troubling trends between the relationship of government organics recycling programs and community composters. … Read More<\/a><\/p>\r\n","authors_tax":[598,634]},"sidebar":{"title":"\u00cdndice"},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Recognition is growing that in order to meet waste reduction and climate goals, the U.S. needs to tackle its wasted food problem. For many local government organics recycling programs, the solution is simple: focus on maximizing tonnage diverted from landfilling and incineration. New York City was different.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nNYC has long been a leader not only in composting, but <\/span>community <\/span><\/i>composting \u2013 a distributed, decentralized approach that keeps the composting process and compost use local, while offering community engagement and education opportunities. According to the Institute for Local Self-Reliance\u2019s <\/span>Censo de compostadores comunitarios 2022<\/span><\/a>, New York is home to the largest concentration of community composters in the country \u2013 a thriving ecosystem of local businesses, environmental nonprofits, and neighborhood gardens.<\/span>\r\n\r\nNYC\u2019s <\/span>2014 Community Composting Report<\/span><\/a> was the first by a major city to center community composting as a part of its municipal waste diversion strategy. Founded in 1993, the NYC Compost Project (NYCCP) supports seven composting nonprofits across the city in providing local composting services, education, and outreach to thousands of New Yorkers. The program has been uplifted as a trailblazing model for community composting not just coexisting with, but actively supporting a city\u2019s curbside organics collection.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nWhen earlier this year the City finally passed a bill making residential organics collection mandatory in all boroughs by 2024, composting advocates celebrated the expansion as one more step in the right direction. But there wasn\u2019t long to celebrate before the Mayor\u2019s Office announced\u00a0a revised November 2023 budget<\/a>\u00a0that promises to eliminate the community composting program entirely.","":null,"settings":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_image","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_image":{"image":18745,"caption":"","helper_width":"narrow"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"In fact, the community composting cuts are just the latest in a series of issues New Yorkers have raised with their changing organics recycling program \u2013 many of which are resonating across the country as local governments begin using the billions recently allocated towards infrastructure and climate projects to start or expand similar projects. From New York, to Massachusetts, to Alaska, what at first appear to be isolated problems with government organics recycling programs are revealing themselves to be concerning national trends.<\/span>\r\n

Trend 1: Government programs aren\u2019t composting \u2013 they\u2019re greenwashing<\/b><\/h3>\r\nIn New York, much of what goes into bins labeled \u201ccompost\u201d doesn\u2019t actually get composted. While the city\u2019s curbside composting program slogan is \u201cmake compost, not trash,\u201d currently <\/span>all\u00a0 collected organic material<\/span><\/a> is trucked to a wastewater treatment facility. There, it undergoes anaerobic digestion (AD), a process by which organic material is broken down into biogas and a digestate made up of the leftover organic liquids and solids.<\/span>","":null,"settings":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_media_duo","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_media_duo":{"align":"left","background":"white","image_size":"normal","image":18746,"title":"","text":"New York City recently announced<\/a> that its digester would use the biogas to heat homes, rather than flaring off 60 percent of it into the atmosphere as they had been for a decade. But the city\u2019s struggles to execute this plan<\/a> are reflective of a national problem: as of 2017, only a third of U.S. wastewater treatment facilities with an on-site anaerobic digester<\/a> (also called co-digestion facilities) were actually able to use the biogas produced for energy.\r\n\r\nLor Holmes, former manager of worker-owned composting cooperative CERO, saw pushback for this model when Cambridge, Massachusetts, rolled out its curbside organics recycling program. Residents thought that they were composting their wasted food, but actually it was sent 30 miles away to a wastewater treatment facility located in an environmental justice community. Holmes called the plan \u201ca recipe for turning food into sewer sludge.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cYes they\u2019re making energy,\u201d says Holmes. \u201cBut we\u2019re losing all the value in that food waste, instead of it being viewed as a resource to replenish soils and to feed people.\u2019\u201d","button":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"The leftover solids are also a big concern. As of 2021,\u00a0more than half<\/a>\u00a0produced by wastewater treatment facilities in the U.S. go to landfills and incinerators, rather than towards land application. Even when the leftovers are used as a soil amendment, contamination problems abound. In Cambridge, the fertilizer pellets produced from co-digestion were\u00a0found to be toxic<\/a>\u00a0to human health and a source of pollution.\r\n\r\nIn New York City, it is unclear what percentage of digestate produced even makes it to a composting facility and, if it does, the quality of the end product is still a question. Separating anaerobic digestion (AD) from the sewage treatment process would be a step in the right direction, but advocates of community composting say that if wasted food is processed on an industrial, centralized scale, contamination will always be a problem.\r\n
\u201cIt\u2019s not that AD is the technology we want to be against,\u201d clarifies Holmes, \u201cIt\u2019s really about, what you put in is what you get out. Garbage in, garbage out.\u201d<\/b><\/blockquote>\r\nContamination and quality issues in organics recycling are the last thing the country needs as it faces the twin crises of\u00a0toxic chemical pollution<\/a>\u00a0y\u00a0degraded national soils<\/a>. Land application of high-quality compost has the potential to not only address these problems, but also to\u00a0combat climate change<\/a>\u00a0by sequestering carbon and building climate resilience.\r\n\r\nIn New York, a passionate group of composters, gardeners, and activists called\u00a0Save Our Compost<\/a>\u00a0are raising awareness of the difference between industrial anaerobic digestion and composting. Although the group\u00a0formed initially in 2020<\/a>\u00a0to advocate for mandatory citywide organics recycling, now they have a new rallying cry: \u201cDon\u2019t frack our food scraps!\u201d\r\n

Trend 2: Government programs are replicating equity and monopoly issues in the conventional waste industry<\/b><\/h3>\r\nEnvironmental racism and corporate malfeasance in the waste industry notoriously formed the impetus for the modern environmental justice movement. Governments have the opportunity to turn over a new leaf when it comes to organics recycling. Unfortunately, in New York, this is proving to be a struggle.\r\n\r\nIn 2018, just three neighborhoods in NYC bore the burden of processing 75 percent of the city\u2019s waste destined for landfill, incineration, anaerobic digestion, and composting. Now, the 200 tons daily of food scraps collected in compost \u201csmart bins\u201d from every borough besides Staten Island are all processed at a single Williamsburg transfer station owned by Waste Management. Environmental justice groups have\u00a0fought hard<\/a>\u00a0against this exact facility for years, arguing that waste transfer stations cause noise pollution, toxins, and unsafe traffic, as well as disproportionately burden low-income and non-white communities.\r\n\r\nNew York\u2019s situation is not unique. In Wilmington, Delaware, similar concerns led to the\u00a02014 shutdown<\/a>\u00a0of a large industrial composting facility. When Waste Management became its largest individual owner, poor management practices led to contamination and odor problems for the surrounding majority Black population. As a result, the state refused to renew its permit \u2013 a serious blow to the region\u2019s composting infrastructure.","":null,"settings":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_media_duo","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_media_duo":{"align":"right","background":"white","image_size":"normal","image":18747,"title":"","text":"Avoiding exacerbating environmental burdens in already vulnerable neighborhoods, is one reason community composting advocates push for local, distributed composting infrastructure that leads to less traffic and emissions. The Baltimore Compost Collective in Maryland is one of the\u00a0over one in ten<\/a>\u00a0community composters that offer a bike-powered hauling service. Program manager Marvin Hayes says this is specifically to reduce emissions in a neighborhood heavily impacted by waste industry pollution. \u201cDuring Covid, we had the highest mortality rate because people already had pre-affected respiratory systems,\u201d Hayes explains.","button":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Local, community-oriented operations like Hayes\u2019 draw a sharp contrast to the national corporate conglomerates that are winning government organics recycling contracts. Waste Management, for example \u2014 aforementioned owner of the controversial Williamsburg transfer station and largest shareholder in the failed Wilmington composting facility \u2013 is also the\u00a0biggest player<\/a>\u00a0in the U.S. waste collection industry.\r\n\r\nBecause waste companies make money for every pound of material handled, new regulations that require wasted food to be diverted from landfills and incinerators threaten their bottom line. Kirstie Pecci of Just Zero, a zero-waste nonprofit, says that their response is to pursue vertical integration in the composting industry to maximize control and profits. This dominance across sectors creates little incentive for good resource recovery.\r\n\r\n \r\n
\u201cIf something is too contaminated to be recycled or composted, they can just throw it in the landfill and incinerator, and they\u2019ve already gotten their per ton fee.\u201d Pecci explains. \u201cSo they\u2019ve already made their money, they don\u2019t care if the system actually works or is truly circular.\u201d<\/b><\/blockquote>\r\nThe influence of these powerful corporations on the organics recycling industry is only set to grow. A fund managed by BlackRock Real Assets\u00a0recently acquired Vanguard Renewables<\/a>, a leader in the anaerobic digestion industry, with the goal of rapid expansion and the commission of\u00a0over 100 new anaerobic digesters<\/a>\u00a0across the U.S. BlackRock is the world\u2019s biggest asset management firm with\u00a0hundreds of billions<\/a>\u00a0invested in fossil fuels, and in 2022 was nominated for Corporate Accountability\u2019s\u00a0Corporate Hall of Shame<\/a>.\r\n\r\nFor Pecci, corporate giants\u2019 expansion into the organics recycling industry raises serious concerns. \u201cThey don\u2019t want to make a little bit of money,\u201d she warns. \u201cThey want to make all the money.\u201d\r\n

Trend 3: Government organics programs are drawing support away from community composting<\/b><\/h3>\r\nIf powerful corporations are looking to corner the market as governments roll out their new organics recycling programs, what will happen to the small businesses and nonprofits that have been working in their communities for years?\r\n\r\nIn New York, in addition to the threat of the recent budget cuts, the city curbside program\u2019s misleading claim to compost food scraps for free threatens the bottom line of small businesses that actually\u00a0are<\/i><\/b>\u00a0composting. BK ROT, a Brooklyn-based and bike-powered composter that employs local youth of color,\u00a0reported losing 200 customers<\/a>\u00a0after the City\u2019s smart bin rollout, and expects more will be on their way out soon.\r\n\r\nWhen a city\u2019s mandatory organics recycling program isn\u2019t free, that creates its own set of problems for community composters. Monique Figuereido of Compostable\u00a0LA says her company has lost 30% of its residential customers after LA\u2019s rollout of \u201cgreen bins.\u201d Residents are required to pay for the City\u2019s composting service and there is no fee waiver for her clientele.\r\n
\u201cI had so many members say, we love you, we love your service, but we just can\u2019t justify paying for two things,\u201d says Monique. \u201cAnd I can\u2019t argue with that.\u201d<\/b><\/blockquote>\r\nFor community composters looking to avoid this kind of competition, collaboration with government programs isn\u2019t always easy. In Alaska, Lisa Daugherty, owner of Juneau Composts!, says that her local government claims their new plans for citywide composting aren\u2019t competing with her because she can bid on an RFP to run their composting facility.\r\n\r\n\u201cThey won\u2019t listen when I explain that means me giving up all ability to make business decisions \u2013 ranging from financial to product quality control \u2013 in order to execute the manual labor of their facility as a contractor,\u201d says Lisa. \u201cAnd that Juneau Composts as it exists now wouldn\u2019t be possible.\u201d\r\n\r\nEven when the terms of government contracts are ideal, winning them can be impossible for community composters that are expected to meet requirements written with industrial facilities, full-array trash and recycling services, or deep pocket companies in mind. In many places these conditions are coupled with the creation of\u00a0solid waste franchise districts<\/a>\u00a0that grant contractors exclusive waste hauling rights, meaning that community composters unable to secure government contracts actually\u00a0face cease and desist<\/a>\u00a0orders if they dare to continue providing their services.","":null,"settings":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_image","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_image":{"image":18748,"caption":"","helper_width":"narrow"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Moreover, contracts and zero waste plans that emphasize diversion metrics don\u2019t often factor in \u2013 let alone prioritize \u2013 the holistic benefits of composting that many community composters offer, including engaging and educating the community, building healthy local soils, increasing food security, greening neighborhoods,\u00a0and more<\/a>. Advocates like Pecci say that if given a fairer playing field that prioritized these values, community composting would come out on top.\r\n
\u201cIf we set regulations that require composting to be done safely and sustainably in a truly circular fashion, community composters will be far ahead of any other composters,\u201d says Pecci. \u201cCommunity composting, because it comes from that ethos, has a huge advantage over these large corporations that are used to and in fact insist on, cutting corners and honestly, poisoning people, to make mega profits.\u201d<\/b><\/blockquote>\r\nThere are hopeful examples of this in action: from Montana, where a USDA grant is\u00a0funding a partnership<\/a>\u00a0with the City of Bozeman and food scraps hauler Happy Trash Can, to D.C.\u2019s\u00a0launch of curbside collection<\/a>\u00a0in collaboration with two local composting businesses, to the suburb of Sun Prairie, Wisconsin\u00a0changing its zoning code<\/a>\u00a0to allow the creation of Green Box Compost.\r\n\r\nAnd it\u2019s not too late for New York City to change course. Given the city\u2019s low participation rates in other recycling initiatives, community composters\u00a0and allies<\/a>\u00a0are hopeful that the City will recognize (as it\u00a0has in the past<\/a>) that community-based programs are essential to successful recycling outreach and education.\r\n\r\n\u201cAt the launch of curbside collection, they\u2019re cutting the outreach team that\u2019s talked to over 75,000 people this year, has knocked on over 35,000 doors.\u201d Justin Green of NYC partner Big Reuse said at a Save Our Compost rally last week. \u201cNone of this makes sense. In a time of growing climate crisis, with COP28 happening, with wildfire smoke hitting the city, with record rainfall, with neighborhoods flooding, this is not the time to cut green jobs.\u201d","":null,"settings":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_image","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_image":{"image":18749,"caption":"","helper_width":"narrow"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"New Yorkers seem to agree. In the days since the budget cuts announcement,\u00a0\u00a0over 45,000 NYC residents<\/a>\u00a0signed a petition calling on their government to save the community composting program. Advocates point out that if the City can afford a new encrypted radio system for its police force that\u00a0costs $500 million<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 over 20 times the yearly cost of the entire composting program \u2013 it\u2019s clear that it can also afford to support community composting.\r\n\r\nAcross the country, community composters and their allies are challenging local governments to think more creatively than handing big corporations money to send food scraps out of sight and out of mind. They are asking them to lean into a growing national movement for local and distributed composting, and recognize that not only is a better way possible, it is already happening. It just needs a fair shot.\r\n

###<\/p>\r\nAbout the Institute for Local Self-Reliance<\/b>\r\n\r\nThe Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR) is a national nonprofit research and educational organization founded in 1974. ILSR has a vision of thriving, diverse, equitable communities. To reach this vision, we build local power to fight corporate control. We believe that democracy can only thrive when economic and political power is widely dispersed. Whether it\u2019s fighting back against the outsize power of monopolies like Amazon or advocating to keep local renewable energy in the community that produced it, ILSR advocates for solutions that harness the power of citizens and communities.\r\n\r\nImage: NYC Save Our Compost rally against the budget cuts. Photo credit: Dario Carrascosa Hidalgo<\/em>","":null,"settings":""}}]},"yoast_head":"\nThree NYC Composting Failures That Reflect Troubling National Trends | Composting for Community<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Composting for Community article by Clarissa Libertelli and Jordan Ashby explores Big Waste, Community Composting and Regulations, focusing on Climate and Environmental Justice, Racial Equity and Resilient Cities and Metros\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ilsr.org\/es\/article\/composting-for-community\/nyc-failures-reflect-national-trends\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Three NYC Composting Failures That Reflect Troubling National Trends | Composting for Community\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" 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