{"id":13043,"date":"1993-01-13T16:47:02","date_gmt":"1993-01-13T16:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilsr.org\/articles\/the-concepts-of-extended-producer-responsibility-and-product-stewardship\/"},"modified":"2024-05-01T16:41:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T16:41:46","slug":"the-concepts-of-extended-producer-responsibility-and-product-stewardship","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/ilsr.org\/es\/article\/composting-for-community\/the-concepts-of-extended-producer-responsibility-and-product-stewardship","title":{"rendered":"Los conceptos de responsabilidad ampliada del productor y gesti\u00f3n responsable de los productos"},"template":"","migration":[],"article_type":[134],"initiatives":[15],"topics":[75],"impact_areas":[],"authors":[622],"class_list":["post-13043","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","article_type-article","initiatives-composting-for-community","topics-extended-producer-responsibility","authors-ilsr"],"acf":{"details":{"featured_image":"","background_color":"","article_type":[134],"initiative":15,"display_event_fields":false,"display_case_study_fields":false,"start_date":null,"end_date":null,"start_time":null,"end_time":null,"time_zone":"America\/New_York","virtual_event":false,"location":"","locality":"","state":"","topics":[75],"impact_areas":false,"abstract":"

Extended producer responsibility (EPR), based on the “polluter pays” principle, entails making manufacturers responsible for the entire lifecycle of the products and packaging they produce. One aim of EPR policies is to internalize the environmental costs of products into their price. Another is to shift the economic burden of managing products that have reached the end of their useful life from local government and taxpayers to product producers and consumers.… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","authors_tax":[622]},"sidebar":{"title":"\u00cdndice"},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":null,"component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

<\/div>

La responsabilidad ampliada del productor (RAP), basada en el principio de \u201cquien contamina paga\u201d, implica que los fabricantes sean responsables de todo el ciclo de vida de los productos y envases que producen. Uno de los objetivos de las pol\u00edticas de RAP es internalizar los costos ambientales de los productos en su precio. Otro es trasladar la carga econ\u00f3mica de la gesti\u00f3n de los productos que han llegado al final de su vida \u00fatil de los gobiernos locales y los contribuyentes a los productores y consumidores de los productos.<\/p>\n

El concepto de EPR fue introducido formalmente por primera vez en Suecia por Thomas Lindhqvist en un informe de 1990 dirigido al Ministerio de Medio Ambiente sueco.(1) En informes posteriores elaborados para el Ministerio, se estableci\u00f3 la siguiente definici\u00f3n de EPR:<\/p>\n

Responsabilidad ampliada del productor<\/strong> es una estrategia de protecci\u00f3n ambiental para alcanzar el objetivo ambiental de reducir el impacto ambiental total de un producto, haciendo que el fabricante del producto sea responsable de todo el ciclo de vida del producto y, en especial, de la recogida, el reciclaje y la eliminaci\u00f3n final del producto. (2)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Los informes suecos especificaban adem\u00e1s c\u00f3mo los fabricantes pueden asumir la responsabilidad de sus productos:<\/p>\n

Responsabilidad:<\/strong> Se refiere a la responsabilidad por los da\u00f1os medioambientales probados causados por el producto en cuesti\u00f3n. El alcance de la responsabilidad viene determinado por la legislaci\u00f3n y puede abarcar diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida del producto, incluyendo su uso y su eliminaci\u00f3n final.<\/p>\n

Responsabilidad econ\u00f3mica:<\/strong> significa que el fabricante cubrir\u00e1 la totalidad o parte de los costos de recolecci\u00f3n, reciclaje o eliminaci\u00f3n final del producto fabricado. Estos costos podr\u00edan ser pagados directamente por el fabricante o mediante una tasa especial.<\/p>\n

Responsabilidad f\u00edsica:<\/strong> Se utiliza para caracterizar los sistemas en los que el fabricante participa en la gesti\u00f3n f\u00edsica real de los productos o los efectos de los productos.<\/p>\n

Responsabilidad informativa:<\/strong> significa varias posibilidades diferentes para ampliar la responsabilidad sobre los productos, exigiendo a los fabricantes que proporcionen informaci\u00f3n sobre las propiedades medioambientales de los productos fabricados.<\/p>\n

Las iniciativas de EPR incluyen programas de devoluci\u00f3n de productos, sistemas de reembolso de dep\u00f3sitos, tasas e impuestos sobre los productos y leyes sobre contenido m\u00ednimo reciclado.<\/p>\n

El EPR responsabiliza al fabricante y, para muchos, representa un enfoque obligatorio. Un enfoque relacionado, Administraci\u00f3n de productos<\/strong>, est\u00e1 ganando popularidad debido a su naturaleza menos reguladora y a su reconocimiento de que otras partes tienen un papel que desempe\u00f1ar.<\/p>\n

Administraci\u00f3n de productos<\/strong> significa que todas las partes implicadas en la producci\u00f3n, venta o uso de un producto \u2014dise\u00f1adores, proveedores, fabricantes, distribuidores, minoristas, consumidores, recicladores y gestores de residuos\u2014 asumen la responsabilidad del impacto medioambiental y econ\u00f3mico total de dicho producto.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

(1) Thomas Lindhqvist y Karl Lidgren, \u201cModeller f\u00f6r f\u00f6rl\u00e4ngt producentansvar\u201d (\u201cModelos de responsabilidad ampliada del productor\u201d, en sueco), 26 de octubre de 1990, publicado por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente en \u201cFr\u00e5n vaggan till graven \u2014 sex studier av varors milj\u00f6p\u00e5verken\u201d (\u201cDe la cuna a la tumba: seis estudios sobre el impacto medioambiental de los productos\u201d, en sueco), DC 1991:0. <\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Thomas Lindhqvist, \u201cMot ett f\u00f6rl\u00e4ngt producentansvar \u2014 analys av erfarenheter samt f\u00f6rslag\u201d (\u201cHacia una responsabilidad ampliada del productor: an\u00e1lisis de experiencias y propuestas\u201d, en sueco), 30 de abril de 1992, publicado por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales en \u201cVaror som faror \u2014 Underlagsrapporter\u201d (\u201cProductos peligrosos: documentos de referencia\u201d, en sueco), Ds 1992:82. La definici\u00f3n se public\u00f3 por primera vez en ingl\u00e9s en: Thomas Lindhqvist, \u201cExtended Producer Responsibility\u201d (Responsabilidad ampliada del productor), en las actas de un seminario por invitaci\u00f3n celebrado en el castillo de Trolleholm, los d\u00edas 4 y 5 de mayo de 1992: \u201cExtended Responsibility as a Strategy to Promote Cleaner Products\u201d (La responsabilidad ampliada como estrategia para promover productos m\u00e1s limpios), editado por Thomas Lindhqvist, Departamento de Econom\u00eda Ambiental Industrial, Lund, junio de 1992. <\/span><\/p>\n

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