This piece originally appeared in Grist.
Aside from Walmart itself, there is no louder and more enthusiastic cheerleader for the retail giant’s sustainability campaign than Environmental Defense Fund. A quick perusal of the news over the last few weeks finds EDF issuing a press release about Walmart’s green leadership, praising its environmental boldness in a Fortune interview, backing its solar claims in a Fast Company article, and headlining a live chat about Walmart hosted by The Guardian.
EDF, one of the nation’s largest and best-known environmental organizations, is Walmart’s right-hand man in the green game. It turns out, unlike most Walmart jobs, that’s a pretty lucrative gig to have.
Since 2005, EDF has received $66 million from the Walton Family Foundation. The Waltons are the children and grandchildren of Walmart founder Sam Walton. The crucial thing to know about the family — in addition to their mind-boggling wealth, estimated at $145 billion — is that they control Walmart. They not only have several seats on the company’s board, including the chair. They own over half of Walmart’s stock.
So, the Waltons both run Walmart and finance EDF. Their donations to EDF started in 2004, shortly before Walmart launched its sustainability campaign. For the Waltons, the donations are a bargain, giving Walmart’s environmental announcements an instant veneer of green credibility.
It’s a great deal for EDF, too. Over the last two years, Walton money has supplied about one-eighth of the organization’s roughly $100 million annual budget.
But to keep this back-door cash rolling in and preserve the PR value Walmart is buying, EDF has to make sure its financial connection to the company stays well out of view of journalists. In interviews and web posts, the organization not only fails to disclose the conflict of interest, but seems to go out of its way to mislead reporters and the public. When EDF staff blog about Walmart on environmental news sites, they note in their bios, “EDF does not accept payment or donations from Walmart or any of its other corporate partners.” When EDF President Fred Krupp named Walmart as the company he particularly admired in a Fortune magazine Q&A, a parenthetical note assured readers that EDF “does not accept payment or donations from Wal-Mart.”
Even The New York Times failed to catch EDF’s conflict of interest, running a story last year about the organization’s work with Walmart under the headline “Unexpected Ally Helps Wal-Mart Cut Waste.” The piece noted that EDF “does not accept contributions from Wal-Mart or other corporations it works with.” (The Times reporter quickly posted a correction when I brought the Walton Family Foundation grants to her attention.)
To his credit, Marc Gunther, editor-at-large of Guardian Sustainable Business US, confronted EDF Managing Director Elizabeth Sturcken on the issue last week during a live chat about Walmart. When she trotted out the organization’s standard deflection, he came back with a followup:
Elizabeth Sturcken: Unlike many non-profit organizations, EDF chooses not to take money from corporations or corporate-run philanthropies. This allows EDF to remain an independent and credible third party, keeping the best interest of the environment front and center. What’s really great is that there are so many individuals and family foundations that are passionate about the environment.
Marc Gunther: So Elizabeth, are you saying that EDF can remain independent — and criticize Walmart when necessary — despite the funding from the Walton foundation?
Elizabeth Sturcken: The Walton Family Foundation is an independent foundation, governed separately from Walmart. I don’t have readily available all the information on their funding.
But disclosing EDF’s financial connection to Walmart still remains a rarity in reporting on the company’s sustainability campaign. A recent Fast Company article touting Walmart’s impact on renewable power, for example, relied on just three sources: Walmart, a company contracting with Walmart, and EDF. Perhaps not surprisingly, the article is riddled with half-truths and one critical factual error. It says that Walmart’s greenhouse gas emissions have declined by 20 percent since 2005, when in fact they have risen by 14 percent, according to the company’s own disclosures. My emails to the reporter have so far gone unanswered. Fast Company is working on a correction.
